His scientific writings present all observed phenomena as the effects of matter in motion. In metaphysics, Hobbes defended materialism, the view that only material things are real. Political authority is justified by a hypothetical social contract among the many that vests in a sovereign person or entity the responsibility for the safety and well-being of all. Hobbes viewed government primarily as a device for ensuring collective security. Thomas Hobbes, (born April 5, 1588, Westport, Wiltshire, England-died December 4, 1679, Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire), English philosopher, scientist, and historian, best known for his political philosophy, especially as articulated in his masterpiece Leviathan (1651). Thomas Hobbes’s political philosophy influenced not only successors who adopted the social-contract framework- John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Immanuel Kant, for example-but also less directly those theorists who connected moral and political decision making in rational human beings to considerations of self-interest broadly understood.

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Thomas hobbes and the leviathan